In Currey, Bruce; Hugo, Graeme (Eds.)
The large Bengali Hindu middle-class (the Bhadralok), upset at the prospect of Bengalis being outnumbered in the new Bengal province by Biharis and Oriyas, bangkok condo for sale by owner felt that Curzon’s act was punishment for their political assertiveness. The rallying cry for both types of protest was the slogan Bande Mataram (“Hail to the Mother”), which invoked a mother goddess, who stood variously for Bengal, India, and the Hindu goddess Kali. The pervasive protests against Curzon’s decision took the form predominantly of the Swadeshi (“buy Indian”) campaign led by two-time Congress president, Surendranath Banerjee, and involved boycott of British goods.
Peter Heehs, The lives of Sri Aurobindo (2008) p. Calcutta: Govt of India. In terms of direct gains, the terrorists achieved precious little; most of their attempts were either aborted or failed. Belgium Olympic Committee (1957). “Olympic Games Antwerp. 1920: Official Report” (PDF). India’s contribution to the Great War. Manmath Nath Das (1964). India under Morley and Minto: politics behind revolution, repression and reforms. G. Allen and Unwin. Bengal’s Anusilan Samiti or Punjab’s Ghadr Party.
However, in the years immediately thereafter, which were also the years of post-rebellion reconstruction, Viceroy Lord Canning found the collective decision making of the Council to be too time-consuming for the pressing tasks ahead, so he requested the “portfolio system” of an Executive Council in which the business of each government department (the “portfolio”) was assigned to and became the responsibility of a single council member. Routine departmental decisions were made exclusively by the member, but important decisions required the consent of the governor-general and, in the absence of such consent, required discussion by the entire Executive Council.
Seated l. to r. IX, Published under the Authority of His Majesty’s Secretary of State for India in Council, Oxford at the Clarendon Press, 1908, p. The only other emperor during this period, Edward VIII (reigned January to December 1936), did not issue any Indian currency under his name. Interpretation Act 1889 (52 & 53 Vict. Jiddhu Krisnamurthi, Besant, and Charles Webster Leadbeater. The Imperial Gazetteer of India, vol. 260, -Head-quarters of Simla District, Punjab, and the summer capital of the Government of India, situated on a transverse spur of the Central Himālayan system system, in 31° 6′ N and 77° 10′ E, at a mean elevation above sea-level of 7,084 feet. XXII, Published under the Authority of His Majesty’s Secretary of State for India in Council, Oxford at the Clarendon Press, 1908, p. The Imperial Gazetteer of India, vol.
In Kaira, in contrast, although the farmers’ cause received publicity from Gandhi’s presence, the satyagraha itself, which consisted of the farmers’ collective decision to withhold payment, was not immediately successful, as the British authorities refused to back down. The agitation in Kaira gained for Gandhi another lifelong lieutenant in Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, who had organised the farmers, and who too would go on to play a leadership role in the Indian independence movement.
